VIN Decoding: What Does Every Digit Mean?

A VIN is not just a random sequence of characters. It is a clearly structured system where every symbol represents specific information about the vehicle. Let's break down this "passport" piece by piece.

1. World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI) — Positions 1 to 3

This section indicates geographical origin and the brand:

• 1st digit: Country of origin. For example, 1, 4, 5 — USA; 2 — Canada; 3 — Mexico; J — Japan; W — Germany; K — Korea; Z — Italy.
• 2nd digit: The manufacturer (make).
• 3rd digit: Vehicle type (passenger car, truck, bus, etc.).

2. Vehicle Descriptor Section (VDS) — Positions 4 to 9

This part encrypts the main technical characteristics of the model:

• Positions 4 to 8: Model, body type, engine type, and transmission. Each manufacturer uses its own coding table for these values.
• 9th digit: The check digit. It is used to verify the authenticity of the entire VIN and protect against fraud.

3. Vehicle Identifier Section (VIS) — Positions 10 to 17

This section contains data about the specific unit:

• 10th digit: Model year. This is one of the most crucial symbols. For example, L — 2020, M — 2021, N — 2022, P — 2023, R — 2024. Note: The model year may differ from the actual production year.
• 11th digit: Assembly plant code where the specific vehicle was built.
• Positions 12 to 17: The sequential production (serial) number on the assembly line.

Why Should You Know How to Decode?

Understanding the VIN structure helps you quickly identify obvious falsifications (e.g., if the paperwork says the car is a 2024 model, but the 10th digit indicates 2018). However, to get the full history, including auction photos and damage reports, it's better to use the Vinny automated service.